The Application of Ansys-Fluent Software for Aerodynamic Analysis on Rectangular and Moderate Swept Wing Planform

ANSYS-Fluent software represents a CFD software having the capability for solving various engineering flow problems. Besides offering a variety of flow solvers, this software also offers various type of turbulence model can be used in the flow analysis. The present work focuses on the use of this software applied to two type wing models, a moderately swept wing and (2) a rectangular wing planform. The moderately swept wing geometry and experimental data were obtained from AGARD AR-138, whereas the rectangular wing planform was obtained from RTO-TR-026. The first model evaluated by using five different turbulent models, namely (1) Spalart-Allmaras, (2) k-ε Standard, (3) k-ε Realizable, (4) k-ω Standard and (5) k-ω SST turbulence models. Comparisons result with AGARD shows that all turbulent models are able to provide in a good agreement. However, Spalart-Allmaras and k-ω SST turbulence models give less CPU time than the others. These two turbulent models then applied to the case of a rectangular wing plan form. The result from the second test case, the k-ω SST turbulence models, give a more accurate result compared to the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence models. It gives a better result compared with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence models. The k-ω SST turbulence model makes the ANSYS-Fluent result just differ 11.5% from the experiment result while for the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model differs 14.05%.  Here it can be concluded that k-ω SST turbulence mode may represent a suitable turbulence model for solving flow over a rectangular wing to the moderate swept wing plan form

Horizontal axis wind turbine performance analysis

The present work uses the method of Blade Element Momentum Theory as suggested by Hansen. The method applied to three blade models adopted from Rahgozar S. with the airfoil data used the data provided by Wood D. The wind turbine performance described in term of the thrust coefficient CT, torque coefficient CQ and the power coefficient Cp . These three coefficient can be deduced from the Momentum theory or from the Blade element Theory(BET). The present work found the performance coefficient derived from the Momentum theory tent to over estimate. It is suggested to used the BET formulation in presenting these three coefficients. In overall the Blade Element Momentum Theory follows the step by step as described by Hansen work well for these three blade models. However a little adjustment on the blade data is needed. To the case of two bladed horizontal axis wind turbine, Hansen’s approach works well over if the blade radius is RB the calculation should start from r = 0.1RB

Ecohealth trainer manual

This training manual, and the Field Building Leadership Initiative (FBLI) of which it is one component, is part of a global initiative to build capacity in ecosystem approaches to health. Although several books and journals provide materials for learners about Ecohealth, the FBLI Ecohealth Trainer Manual is intended primarily for lecturers, teachers, and trainers. The focus here is on how to teach Ecohealth, providing teachers and trainers with a starting point from which to explore, improvise, adapt, and develop diverse educational Ecohealth learning experiences for and with their participants

A molecular and antigenic survey of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates from smallholder duck farms in Central Java, Indonesia during 2007-2008

Background: Indonesia is one of the countries most severely affected by H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in terms of poultry and human health. However, there is little information on the diversity of H5N1 viruses circulating in backyard farms, where chickens and ducks often intermingle. In this study, H5N1 virus infection occurring in 96 smallholder duck farms in central Java, Indonesia from 2007-2008 was investigated and the molecular and antigenic characteristics of H5N1 viruses isolated from these farms were analysed

The Application of Combined Momentum – Blade Element Theory for Aerodynamics Analysis Helicopter Rotor Blade in the Forward Flight

Present work introduced the aerodynamics analysis of rotor blade helicopter in forward flight. The analysis used a combination between a Momentum Theory and The Blade Element Theory. Here the inflow ratio was assumed a uniform over the disk plane and it was predicted by using the momentum Theory. As the inflow ratio is available, then by using the Blade element theory, the aerodynamics loading along the blade span of the rotor are computed, which finally the thrust coefficient CT can be obtained. For a given a rotor blade configuration and flight condition, the Thrust coefficient CT is unknown, while the momentum theory required this value to be known in predicting the inflow ratio. As result an iteration process is required in implementing those two combined approaches. For the assessment purposes, four test cases had been studied. The difference between one case to other case had been selected in term: 1) twist distribution, 2) the presence of coning angle and 3) the required aerodynamics characteristics. The result showed that the combination of Momentum Theory and The blade element theory could provide a fast solution in predicting the aerodynamics performance of rotor blade helicopter. However a comparison result with the experiment result was required in order to asses the degree of accuracy of this approach. This was suggested as future work

On The Use of Non uniform inflow Model for Aerodynamics Analysis Helicopter Rotor Blade in the Forward Flight

The aerodynamics analysis of rotor blade helicopter in forward flight by using a non uniform inflow models are presented. This work can be considered as a continuation from the previous work as described in the Ref.1. Here the linear inflow model would be used as the basic idea in solving the aerodynamic problems oppose with the Ref. 1 which used a uniform inflow model. Physical flow phenomena around a rotor blade helicopter had been recognized very complicated. Rotor blade behaves like a finite wing. The presence of lift upon a finite wing would be followed by wake vortex sheet this vortex sheet promotes induced velocity along span wise non uniformly. Only certain wing plan form namely elliptic wing plan form could generate uniform induced velocity along span wise. For an arbitrary wing plan form the induced velocities were normally non uniform. The shape of wake vortex sheet released from a finite wing relatively simple, the vortex sheet can be considered as a plane of an infinitesimal thickness starting from the trailing edge line goes down in parallel to the free stream flow. In the case of the rotor helicopter, the rotor blade becomes a rotating lifting surface. As result the shape of wake vortex sheet becomes more complex than a fixed finite wing. Hence the non uniformity of the induce velocity become apparent

Development of a Versatile UAV Platform for Agricultural Applications

This paper presents the SAE-USM's (School of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) research initiatives in designing a versatile platform for agricultural applications. The 30 kilograms UAV is designed to allow very high resolution pictures of 1-2 centimetres to be taken in durations of 6 hours of continuous flight. The cruise speed and the design flight altitude would be determined from the payload capability in producing the required resolution. As a result, several possible airframes in modular fashion are proposed and evaluated to obtain the most promising performance to meet the design criteria. From experience learnt in designing the Mosquito UAV platform with System Consultancy Services Sdn Bhd (SCS), the UAV research group is confident to meet the requirements demanded by local agriculture-based companies on an unmanned aerial vehicle. It is anticipated that this effort will establish some common standards in the development of very small UAV platforms for wider usage in Malaysia

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Performance Analysis

The present work uses the method of Blade Element Momentum Theory as suggested by Hansen. The method applied to three blade models adopted from Rahgozar S. with the airfoil data used the data provided by Wood D. The wind turbine performance described in term of the thrust coefficient , torque coefficient  and the power coefficient  . These three coefficient can be deduced from the Momentum theory or from the Blade element Theory(BET).  The present work found the performance coefficient derived from the Momentum theory tent to over estimate. It is suggested to used the BET formulation in presenting these three coefficients. In overall the Blade Element Momentum Theory follows the step by step as described by Hansen  work well for these three blade models. However  a little adjustment on the blade data is needed. To the case of two bladed horizontal axis wind turbine, Hansen’s approach works well over if the blade radius is  the calculation should start from r = 0.1 &nbsp